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2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 67(2): 184-192, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-843379

ABSTRACT

Abstract Medication errors are the common causes of patient morbidity and mortality. It adds financial burden to the institution as well. Though the impact varies from no harm to serious adverse effects including death, it needs attention on priority basis since medication errors' are preventable. In today's world where people are aware and medical claims are on the hike, it is of utmost priority that we curb this issue. Individual effort to decrease medication error alone might not be successful until a change in the existing protocols and system is incorporated. Often drug errors that occur cannot be reversed. The best way to ‘treat' drug errors is to prevent them. Wrong medication (due to syringe swap), overdose (due to misunderstanding or preconception of the dose, pump misuse and dilution error), incorrect administration route, under dosing and omission are common causes of medication error that occur perioperatively. Drug omission and calculation mistakes occur commonly in ICU. Medication errors can occur perioperatively either during preparation, administration or record keeping. Numerous human and system errors can be blamed for occurrence of medication errors. The need of the hour is to stop the blame - game, accept mistakes and develop a safe and ‘just' culture in order to prevent medication errors. The newly devised systems like VEINROM, a fluid delivery system is a novel approach in preventing drug errors due to most commonly used medications in anesthesia. Similar developments along with vigilant doctors, safe workplace culture and organizational support all together can help prevent these errors.


Resumo Os erros de medicação são as causas mais comuns de morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes. Além disso, esses erros aumentam os encargos financeiros da instituição. Embora o impacto varie de nenhum dano a efeitos adversos graves, inclusive o óbito, é preciso estar atento à ordem de prioridades porque os erros de medicação são evitáveis. Na atualidade, com as pessoas cientes e os processos médicos em evidência, frear esse problema é de extrema prioridade. O esforço individual para diminuir os erros de medicação pode não obter sucesso até que uma mudança nos protocolos e sistemas existentes seja incorporada. Muitas vezes, os erros de medicação ocorridos não podem ser revertidos. A melhor maneira de "tratar" esses erros é impedi-los. Os erros de medicação (devido à troca de seringa), de overdose (devido a mal-entendido ou preconcepção da dose, mal uso de bomba e erro de diluição), de via de administração incorreta, de subdosagem e de omissão são causas comuns de erro de medicação que ocorrem no período perioperatório. A omissão e erros no cálculo de medicamentos ocorrem comumente em UTI. Os erros de medicação podem ocorrer no período perioperatório, tanto durante a preparação e administração quanto na manutenção de registros. Um grande número de erros humanos e do sistema pode ser responsabilizado pela ocorrência de erros de medicação. A necessidade do momento é parar o jogo da culpa, aceitar os erros e desenvolver uma cultura segura e "justa" para evitar os erros de medicação. Os sistemas recém-criados, como o Veinrom, um sistema de administração de líquidos, é uma nova abordagem na prevenção de erros de medicação devido aos medicamentos mais comumente usados em anestesia. Desenvolvimentos semelhantes, juntamente com médicos vigilantes, uma cultura de local de trabalho seguro e apoio organizacional, todos em conjunto podem ajudar a evitar esses erros.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia/adverse effects , Anesthesiology/standards , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/prevention & control , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Quality Improvement/organization & administration , Intensive Care Units/standards , Anesthesia/methods , Anesthetics/administration & dosage , Anesthetics/adverse effects , Medication Errors/prevention & control
3.
Ann Card Anaesth ; 2016 July; 19(3): 537-538
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-177445
4.
Ann Card Anaesth ; 2016 Apr; 19(2): 269-276
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-177394

ABSTRACT

Background: Lactate and central venous oxygen saturation (ScVO2) are well known biomarkers for adequacy of tissue oxygenation. Endothelin, an inflammatory marker has been associated with patient’s nutritional status and degree of cyanosis. The aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis that lactate, ScVO2 and endothelin before induction may be predictive of mortality in pediatric cardiac surgery. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of 150 pediatric (6 months to 12 years) patients who were posted for intracardiac repair for tetralogy of fallot and measured lactate, ScVO2 and endothelin before induction (T1), 20 minutes after protamine administration (T2) and 24 hours after admission to ICU (T3). Results: Preinduction lactate and endothelin levels were found to predict mortality in patients of tetralogy of fallot with an odds ratio of 6.020 (95% CI 2.111-17.168) and 1.292(95% CI 1.091-1.531) respectively. In the ROC curve analysis for lactate at T1, the AUC was 0.713 (95% CI 0.526–0.899 P = 0.019). At the cutoff value of 1.750mmol/lt, the sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of mortality was 63.6% and 65.5%, respectively. For endothelin at T1, the AUC was 0.699 (95% CI 0.516–0.883, P = 0.028) and the cutoff value was ≤2.50 (sensitivity, 63.6%; specificity, 58.3 %). ScVO2 (odds ratio 0.85) at all three time intervals, suggested that improving ScVO2 can lead to 15% reduction in mortality. Conclusions: Lactate, ScVO2 and endothelin all showed association with mortality with lactate having the maximum prediction. Lactate was found to be an independent, reliable and cost-effective measure of prediction of mortality in patients with tetralogy of fallot.

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